Additional processes associated with atmospheric chemistry and the ecosystem are included in "Earth System" configurations only (due to computational cost).Current operational seasonal and climate configurations of the Unified Model are indicated in the table below, with higher horizontal and vertical resolution versions under development.Ocean and sea ice (concentrations): data assimilation based on 1.0° x (1.0° increasing smoothly from 30°N/S to 0.33° at equator)Atmos: Met Office global analyses representative of current climateOcean: Levitus present-day observed ocean conditionsSea ice: present-day conditions taken from previous climate model 20th century simulation1.0° x (1.0° increasing smoothly from 30°N/S to 0.33° at equator)Atmos: Met Office global analyses representative of current climateOcean: Levitus present-day observed ocean conditionsSea ice: present-day conditions taken from previous climate model 20th century simulationCentennial climate predictions from the Met Office Hadley Centre have been included in all of the climate change Everything you need to know about the forecast, and making the most of the weather.The latest breakthroughs, research and news from the Met Office.Support your business with world-leading science and technology. “Our trees, and all the wildlife they support, are on the frontline of climate change and ultimately some species will be able to adapt better than others.“This is a stark reminder of the need to take immediate action on climate change. There are also Regional Climate Models (RCMs) which do a similar job as GCMs, but for a limited area of the Earth. The observed changes are to varying degrees a consequence of both global climate change and natural variability in our climate. They also allow us to test theories and solutions. “High-frequency, high-accuracy, coastal sea-level monitoring is essential.”Changes in phenology (recurring events in nature and their relationships with climate) provide a wide range of information about the health and functioning of plants and ecosystems, and their responses to climate. It’s worth noting that since 2009 the UK has now had its wettest February, April, June, November and December on record – five out of 12 months.”The State of the UK Climate Reports are published annually in the Royal Meteorological Society’s “However, the report highlights continuing concerns around the quality of UK sea-level measurements. Numerical climate models use quantitative methods to simulate the interactions of the important drivers of climate, including atmosphere, oceans, land surface and ice.They are used for a variety of purposes from study of the dynamics of the climate system to projections of future climate.Climate models may also be qualitative (i.e. Because they cover a smaller area, RCMs can generally be run more quickly and at a higher resolution than GCMs. Models help us to work through complicated problems and understand complex systems. Although sitting outside the top ten warmest years in the series (all since 2002), 2019 was most remarkable for setting four UK high temperature records, including:A new all-time record (38.7° C) 25 July, Cambridge University Botanic Gardens (Cambridgeshire)A new winter record (21.2° C) 26 February, Kew Gardens (London); the first time 20 C has been reached in the UK in a winter month.A new December record (18.7° C) 28 December, Achfary (Sutherland).A new February minimum record (13.9° C) 23 February, Achnagart (Highland)The all-time and winter records also created new high-temperature records for February and July.No national low-temperature records were set during the year.The Central England Temperature series is the longest instrumental record of temperature in the world, with annual, seasonal and average monthly temperature information stretching back to 1659.Mike Kendon added: “The Central England Temperature series shows us that the 21st Century so far has been warmer than the previous three centuries.” The Central England mean temperature for the period 2001-2019 has been 10.3° C. The remaining averages in the series are: 1901-2000 (9.5° C); 1801-1900 (9.1° C); 1701-1800 (9.2° C); 1659-1700 (8.7° C).Supporting the warming trend, the most recent decade (2010–2019) has had 6% fewer days of air frost and 10% fewer days of ground frost in the UK compared to the 1981–2010 average, and both 16% fewer compared to 1961–1990. He produces,…Everything you need to know about the forecast, and making the most of the weather.The latest breakthroughs, research and news from the Met Office.Support your business with world-leading science and technology.The latest report covering the climate of the UK – published today [Friday 31 July ]- reveals that the most recent decade (2010-2019) has been on average 0.9° C warmer across the UK than the period 1961-1990, with 2019 being 1.1° C above the 1961-1990 long-term average.
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